Harappan:
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Located by the Great rivers of northern India
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Writing has never been deciphered up until now
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They had highly organized cities, which featured nice public baths
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Gone from history by 1600 B.C
The Aryans
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People called them selves Arya (meaning noble)
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Simple, largely pastoral, economy
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Legal and political institutions were in early development
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Injured party or his family was expected to take initiative in prosecuting an offender
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Aryan gods- deva, or “shining ones” were forces of nature or personification of these forces
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From their base in northwestern India, they gradually took over eastward into the Ganges valley by the slash and burn technique.
The Vedas
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A huge body of hymns, prayers, and incantations composed over a long period of time and known collectively as the Four Vedas
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One of the Vedas is Yajurveda, which is a manual of sacrifice for the officiating priest
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Source of books come form the Vedic age
Sanskrit
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Language of the epics, derived from but different from that of the Vedas
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Some say it is the most flexible and responsive to fine shades of meaning of all indo-European languages
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Alphabet is logically arranged and accommodates a wide gamut of sound, with symbols for fourteen separate vowels and 35 consonants
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Grammar with more than 4000 rues
Varna
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Early tradition postulates a divison of society into 4 broad classes c
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Assigning color to each group
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Brahman (priest), Kshatriy (warrior), Vaishaya (herdsman, Artisan, Merchant), Shudra ( servant, Menial laborer),
Guatama (enlighten one) - Buddha
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Founder of Buddhism
- Son of a chief of a small town, found that he could no longer be pamper. Left his town and went on a search for life.
Asceticism
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Extreme self-denial
Ashoka (asoka)
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Royal patron of Buddhism
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His rule extend from Afghanistan and Kashmir in the north to Mysore in the southern Deccan
Taj Mahal
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Shah jahans most celebrated monument
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Designed as a memorial to his favorite wife
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Engaged the labor of 20000 workmen and was some twenty years in construction
Akbar the Great
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Remembered as the Great Mughal
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Position in northern and central India, holding Kabul in the northwest and securing Gujarat on the Kathiwar Peninsula
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He established an effective judicious administration
The Mughals
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“Peacock Throne”
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Last major rulers India before the British takeover
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One of the more productive periods of Indian civilization
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Reached it height in the 17th century
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Found by, “babur the tiger”
Gupta Dynasty
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olden age of Indian civilization
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A Hindu dynasty that ruled most of northern India from 320?-520?, under which the arts flourished and a unified code of laws was promulgated
The Deccan
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A plateau of south-central India between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats. The name is also used for the entire Indian peninsula south of the Narmada River.
Hindustan
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Northern half of india
Indus
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A river of south-central Asia rising in southwest Xizang (Tibet) and flowing about 3,057 km (1,900 mi) northwest through northern India and southwest through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. Its valley was the site of an advanced civilization lasting c. 2500 to 1500 B.C.
The Ganges
- A river of northern India and Bangladesh rising in the Himalaya Mountains
- flows about 2,510 km (1,560 mi) generally eastward through a vast plain to the Bay of Bengal.
- The river is sacred to Hindus
Four Noble Truths
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In Buddhism, the precepts that are the essence of the Buddha's teaching: that life is suffering, that desires cause suffering, that the annihilation of desires can relieve suffering, that the way to do this is by following the Eightfold Path;
Eight-fold path
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the Middle Way and part of the Four Noble Truths that the Buddha taught as the path to nirvana or enlightenment and consisting of Right View/Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right
